Karate Kid

It's bad enough moving to a new city, but when that city is located in China, it’s almost too much to handle for 12 year old Dre Parker. It's not easy being the new boy in class when you don’t know the language, and it’s even harder, when the cool boys use Kung Fu to rule over the other pupils at school. Fortunately, Dre meets some nice classmates, including the cute girl (he fancies) Mei Ying. However, it turns out that Cheng, the leader of the Kung Fu gang at his school, also likes May, and is not particularly thrilled that Dre and May are becoming friends. Dre has hardly set foot into his new apartment, before Cheng uses his Kung Fu skills to give Dre a real beating. From this moment on, Cheng is constantly on Dre’s back. Dre becomes increasingly unhappy and longs to go back to the United States. But one day, as he is pushed into a corner by Cheng and his friends, he gets unexpected help. Mr Han, the caretaker of the apartment building where Dre lives, appears from nowhere and defends Dre with an incredible display of Kung Fu. This becomes the turning point in Dre’s new life. Mr Han decides to teach Dre the traditional combat sport, giving the boy a chance to win the respect from his classmates. Thus begins a long training period that ends up with a final battle between Dre and Cheng’s gang at the local Kung Fu competition. †The Karate Kid† is a remake of the classic 1984 film of the same name. The new version is a well-made film that will certainly engage the imagination of both young and old. The story is largely the same as the original, however, a number of elements have been renewed, making â€Å"The Karate Kid† anno 2010 better than most remakes. The film's theme focuses largely on the inner struggle of Dre. The young boy must adjust to a country with a foreign language, and a completely different culture and a city where he has almost no friends. When he is exposed to physical abuse, the previously well-adjusted boy becomes quite distressed. But Dre has great inner strength, and as his friendship with Mr Han develops, he learns more than Kung Fu. Dre understands that he is in charge of his own fate/future, and it is up to him whether he will give up, or fight to gain the respect he deserves. Such a message is well suited for children and young people, who will hopefully use this knowledge in their own lives. This film will probably promote martial arts to many young boys, and hopefully they will understand Mr Han’s clear statement that Kung Fu is a sport for wisdom and defence / an art to be used to create peace, not to hurt and combat an enemy. I think the †The Karate Kid† has a PG rating, due to several violent scenes involving Kung Fu fighting, the film is not recommended for children under the age of 8 from the online website.

Week paper

Also, studies suggest that sound and thorough logic is required when applying innovation to an ineffective business practices. These goals can be better achieved by taking advantage of the efficient communication abilities of logical spatial intelligence. Thus, multiple intelligence assessment provides unique insight to practical communication and leadership practices. Introduction After completing the multiple intelligence assessment from the website literacy. Norms. Com, my top three learning styles were logic or math, nature, and spatial intelligence.Math or logic was my highest score, and I believe hat of my three best scores, math or logic is the most useful skill to communication and leadership. According to the website, the math or logic intelligence suggests that I focus on relationships between things and how things work. Additionally, critical thinking is a strength of math or logic intelligence. Some noted activities for math and logic thinkers that may be useful in leader ship roles include organizing complex materials, and looking at things critically. An example of such logical critical thinking would be looking at an advertisement in terms of its functional parts.A logical way of joking at an advertisement may ask, â€Å"what are the parts of the advertisement and how do the parts work together to make the advertisement effective? † Discussion Spatial learners, according to literacy. Works. Com, excel at visual organization. This type of learning seems to have a synergy with logical learning. I feel that spatial thinking is a visual manifestation Of logical thinking. The website further explains some useful spatial skills as working with charts and graphs, color coding, and other forms of visual representation.This skill set jumps out to me as excellent tools for communication. Being able to logically process ideas and then display them in clear and organized visual displays is an excellent way to communicate ideas. The recent popularity of power point presentations which use computers to generate organized and aesthetically pleasing spatial displays in order to communicate ideas show the immense power of spatial communication and leadership. In fact, throughout my previous education I have been very successful producing effective communication with spatial displays.Whether using physical props for public speaking class or presenting power point displays of my clinical research, refer use of spatial thinking. Accounting for one's own intelligence style as well as the intelligence style of subordinates is a useful strategy for effective leadership. Being a logical thinker has the advantage of being able to see how these various different learning styles fit together. When building teams, intelligence styles may be considered in two ways. In some situations it may be effective to build teams from similar types of people who understand each other and relate well together (Watson, 1993).In other times it may be beneficial to build a diverse team made Of many different intelligence types ho contribute a variety of different strengths and outlooks to a project. Either way, it is useful to know what are the strengths and weakness of the team members in order to devise a strategic grouping of working teams. Indeed, the research of Hopkins and Hopkins assert that a diverse workups provide such benefits as â€Å"increased profitability, learning, creativity, flexibility, organizational and individual growth, and the ability of a company to adjust rapidly and successfully to market changes†. Limitation means doing things in new and different ways which may be better than the old way of doing the same thing. When people with different learning types work together innovation can occur as each team member can communicate from a unique perspective. Rather than continuously repeating inefficient processes that seem natural to a particular intelligence type, a different intelligence type may be able to po int out improvements to the process that had been hidden to the other group members from their own intelligence perspectives. Roach and Bed near present a very complex research article analyzing the logic of innovation in business.At the conclusion of their complex logical reasoning they deduced some key summarizations about the SE of logic in management. For one they suggest that when applying change to a business, managers should not only look for simple cause and effect relationships. Instead they should look for deeper logical relationships. In their paper they cite a case of the Jacksonville Sausage business in which a simple linear cause and effect scenario seemed to suggest from the worker's point of view that managerial micro-management was leading to workers' errors.While the same situation from the linear cause and effect view Of the managers looked as if workers' errors was the cause of necessitated micromanagement. However, the authors suggest that simple linear logic wa s limiting the vision of the overall situation and disguising the fact that were individual outside factors to blame for both worker error and the micromanagement. The lesson to be learned was that a more powerful logic beyond simple linear cause and effect gave a richer understanding of the business and the required innovations to correct its problems.Such innovation is the advantage of a manager with logical ability. In a study of risk communication Via visual displays, Lipids and Holland discuss the advantages of spatial communication. The first advantage of spatial displays n communication is that they can reveal information that is difficult and cumbersome to communicate in other ways. For example line graphs excel and revealing trends while pie charts are unmatched at indicating proportions. Second, spatial displays quickly and easily communicate numerical information.And third, spatial displays are attention grabbers. Each of these advantages can be utilized by managers who m ake effective practice of spatial communication. Conclusion Each person is different in his or her abilities and intelligence types, but each uniqueness has something to contribute to effective leadership. Specifically, the intelligence attributes of logic and spatial reasoning are particularly effective at developing leadership communication skills.

Development of Staffing Management Plan Research Paper

Development of Staffing Management Plan - Research Paper Example rects all the Gauchito project activities. Management skills 2 03/01/2012 6 Years FV Project Manager Ensures that the project is executed within the schedule Administrative skills 3 03/01/2012 6 Years Project Engineer Execute the project plan Mechanical engineering skills 3 03/01/2012 6 Years Systems Engineer Develop and maintain the system’s soft ware and hardware. ... The risks involved in a project can result to a loss or result to gains for the project. For effective management of risks, an assessment is necessary. All elements used for costing are closely examined and awarded according to its development and impact on the project. The rating is based on design, dependency, difficulties, technical issues and unapproximated costs. The reports received are then evaluated by reports of a previous project. The appropriate level of costs is finally derived from the calculations done from risk assessed. During the project execution, any risks related to the project are monitored and a contingency allocated where possible (Schwalbe, Kathy 229). Part D: Project Organization Chart Part E: Project Team Directory Name Area Team Function Phone Email Michael Jackson Project Director Chair 1-4125 mijackon@gauchito.org Nelson Mandela Project Manager Member 1-6324 nendela@gauchito.org Mildred Otieng’ Procurement Manager Member 1-2456 miieng@gauchito.org Sloureen Bilgael Systems Engineer Member 18547 bilgael@gauchito.org Works Cited Schwalbe, Kathy, Introduction to Project Management, 2nd Edition . USA: Cengage Learning, 2008.

Religion in Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Religion in Society - Essay Example Several religious organizations have been put up. These organizations are based on issues like abortion, family planning, gay marriages and education to disadvantaged children in the society. In the United States, the religious organizations are obtaining a lot of financial support from the political leaders by taking advantage of the development funds that each political leader receives (Wald, & Allison, 24). On the issue of elections, the fundamentalist Christians strongly support the association between politics and religious since they feel that when Christians are elected to participate in political leadership they will lead to a positive transformation of the government policies through application of Christianity principles. In the 2002 and 2004 election for instance, the evangelists united and voted for George W. Bush (Wald, & Allison, 210). The Muslims on the other hand have no distinction between the Muslim religious leaders and Muslim Government officials. In countries lik e Iran, the president takes orders from the Islamic Ayatollah. In the political and religious platforms, the most common feature is that the leaders want to take full control of people in all aspects. The strategy for success of these leaders is based on their ability to convince more people, in order to make them famous. In religion, the religious leaders are working towards having more converts while in the political, the political leaders are working towards having more voters in order to maintain their leadership roles. The religious leaders have authority over the converts; thus, they can influence the congregation in political matters by advising them to avoid voting for a particular political leader by using religious doctrines (Wald, & Allison, 97). Religion has an impact on legislation, because the major function of the government is to pass rules that are beneficial to the citizens.

Critical Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical Argument - Essay Example Notably is the Wikipedia where its users/audience can edit, modify, revise and even change the original work allowing for the content to improve as more audience use it. Unlike in blog where the content is exclusively from the point of view of the author, Wikipedia is a result of a collaborative work among its various users improving it over time. In Wiki, all of its visitors can be its collaborators and therefore it is more of a discussion platform than blogging (Davis 2006). These visitors who could edit, add and even modify the original work anonymously without reward are Wiki’’s strongest feature known as crowd sourcing. According to Engstrom &Jewett, Wiki is primarily a collaborative research that analyzes divergent points of view (2005). Wiki is indeed a good tool for collaborative work that involves a large number of people because it does not put a limit on a number of people who could edit and improve the original work. The page can also be edited or modified o ver a number time without capping the frequency of the changes made in the original work. This way, the original text is enriched by the contributions and collaborative work of its visitors making the content better as time goes by. This was validated in one of my education course class where our professor asked everyone in the class to work on one broad subject during the semester. The exercise revealed that everyone was engaged on the wiki page and the broad subject was eventually subdivided into various categories as time and student progresses illustrating how collaborative tools such as wiki can improve and provide an opportunity to share knowledge and perspective to other people. Moreso, Wikis has also proven that by itself, they are also an effective teaching tool because it engages the student in the learning process. Wiki’s efficacy can be lent in Cynthia Haven argument in her paper that states â€Å"today’s kids don’t just write for grades anymore. Th ey write to shake the world.† The most famous feature of the Wikipedia is â€Å"Crowd-sourcing†Ã¢â‚¬â€when multiple people contribute to a site to make it better (anonymously—with no reward), people devote their time and energy on the website not just for grades or any repay. They write to communicate, to share their own knowledge, to get a sense of power. With various and mass information provided, more and more students using Wikipedia as their reference on their writing. At the same time, more and more anti—wiki professors and scholars are dismissing wiki as â€Å"incomplete† and â€Å"downright false† for it to be abandoned in academic study. The precaution of the academics against Wikipedia is not without basis and I believe that every student who uses the platform should be aware of its caveat. True, Wikipedia has many benefits but it also has its own downside. The source had fatal information errors that included â€Å"false deaths r eports†, â€Å"libel† and â€Å"miscellaneous hoaxes and mistakes† and therefore is susceptible to false information. At top of the false death report— Ted Kennedy’s death, â€Å"the wiki page falsely reported the â€Å"death† of Sen. Edward Kennedy, while he actually did suffer a seizure during the post-inaugural luncheon for Barack Obama†. This has been corrected by an anonymous user but still the incidence demonstrated the vulnerability of the platform towards inaccuracy

Censent and Research (CASE) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Censent and Research (CASE) - Essay Example The bone marrows in this case are unable to synthesize blood cells that are healthy (Leonard, 1998, p. 15). The abnormal white cells produced extend to other body parts causing damage. Chronic leukemia is the type of leukemia diagnosis that progresses slowly. It can be identified as the early stages since its impact to the body is not as intense as those of acute leukemia but can not be under estimated since it is equally dangerous. In chronic leukemia, the abnormal white cells are generated at a faster rate than the white cells. As time goes by, the abnormal white cells over power the normal white cells. The treatment approaches vary depending on the stage of the disease. The kind of patient may also make the treatment approach vary from one patient to another. Children are very delicate patient when it comes to leukemia disease. Most leukemia patients who are below the age of 15years experience the early stages of the disease. Leukemia becomes intense from the age of 15years and above. When dealing with young patients such as children with leukemia, the people close to them are supposed to be aware of the changes that might be caused by the medical condition of these patients. Most parents may tend to ask ‘what kind of changes is their child suffering from leukemia likely to experience?’The changes may be physical or mental. Leukemia patients experience negative emotions such as sadness and fear during the advanced stages of the medical conditions. During these moments, the family members or the people close to the patient need to give a close attention to the patient in order to help him or her deal with the changes efficiently without causing more harm to his or her body that my worsen the condition (Peacock, 2000, p. 37). Children in this case need a lot of physical therapies because they my not be able to deal with the negative changes maturely. Parents with children who are undergoing these medical

General Trends in Global Work Context Assignment

General Trends in Global Work Context - Assignment Example As the essay states the global work place presents employment opportunities for qualified people to work in a flexible way whereby apart from moving from one place to the other and beyond political boundaries to work, employees can even be stationed at home and still perform the duties that their co-workers perform at the employer’s premises. This has been enhanced by technological advancements especially the internet technology. It has facilitated communication which is essential in business as well as implementing programs abroad. The interactions that arise as a result of companies employing people from diverse cultural background has generated the need for employees to possess strong interpersonal skills as well as the ability to work with employees from different cultural settings. From the report it is clear the global work place has been under continuous change over the years in terms of labor. With the increasing globalization of industries, the movement of people across borders has risen. Experts in various fields are migrating from the industrialized economies to the developing countries to provide the rapidly growing economies that lack skilled workers. Under such circumstances, many companies are adopting flexible working conditions in order to retain experienced employees. Studies indicate that part time employees constitute more than 20% of the global labor force.

International context in marketing and how media theories can be Essay

International context in marketing and how media theories can be apllied to ctreate strong relationship with consumers in the modern market - Essay Example ‘Marketing is an organizational function for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. It is a management process of anticipating, identifying and satisfying customer requirements profitably.’ (Berzins) Globalization has created revolutionary changes in all over the world. Most of the organizational principles have been redefined because of globalization. Most of the organizations believe that globalization has opened up the doors of immense possibilities for them and hence they are spending millions of dollars in finding the right strategies to exploit the possibilities. For a business organization, globalization has created immense opportunities for marketing their products in international market. But for exploiting the possibilities of the modern global market, organizations need to innovate marketing strategies along with the existing ones suitable for different countries. The business world has already developed several types of new marketing techniques like telemarketing, direct marketing, marketing through ads, sensory marketing, etc apart from the conventional marketing activities. Most of the big business tycoons are expanding their activities to overseas countries in order to capitalize the possibilities of globalization. Small or medium scale businesses are suffering because of the immense competition from the MNCs. It is difficult for the small business groups to operate profitably by overcoming the stiff challenges for the corporate. Big organizations always have immense resources, and facilities which they will utilize to monopolize the market. Moreover they have the better equipped Research and Development (R&D) wing to facilitate their operations by providing required data about the changing trends of consumers. The conventional marketing

Experiences Of War Essay Example for Free

Experiences Of War Essay It is difficult for a soldier to recall and relate his or her experiences of war. During war, soldiers are often throw into a confronting and new experience where they quickly learn about the true hardship and struggle of warfare. Being deployed onto new a surrounding, unpredictable events can occur which may lead to detrimental effects on soldiers physically and more importantly mentally. Especially after returning from a war, a solder can show great signs of post dramatic stress due to the trauma that they had previously faced. These memories can have damaging effects, which may lead to different coping methods. War is an emotionally daunting task which can most definitely be a difficult time for soldiers to recollection and recount their experiences of it. The results of war can be detrimental. Soldiers risk their lives and beyond the physical consequences of war, they often return with mental and emotional scarring. During war soldiers must adapt to everything that is around them. This means that they must become familiar with their surroundings and the people around them. War can last up to months if not years. In this period of dramatic changes in lifestyle, soldiers are taught to adjust to the extreme situations. Warfare the new normal as they must learn to react and act quickly to certain sounds or orders. In the article Battle scarred, Chris Terill describes going to war as â€Å"changes a man’s view of the world; it changes his view of himself†, meaning that they adapt with â€Å"like-minded comrades†. However when the war is all over the hardest part for them is that they â€Å"must eventually become civilians again†. So sudden from a â€Å"dog-eat-dog† world, soldiers must quickly adjust to normal society again within the landing of the plane. This an obvious difficult task, which causes the soldiers to be traumatised which can truly affect the abilities to recall their experiences. It is definitely confronting and difficult to conform and come to terms with normal life after the memories and experiences of war. Regret and fear can become a great factor in the influence of a soldiers behaviours post war. It is tremendously difficult for a soldier to cope with the fact that they have done something unforgivable by the time they return.

Sherlock Holmes Essay Essay Example for Free

Sherlock Holmes Essay Essay Another of the false trails is the fact that Dr. Roylott keeps exotic animals on their estate, a cheetah and a baboon, and he has at this moment a cheetah and a baboon, which wander freely over his grounds, which lead the reader to believe that one of these animals was responsible for Helens sisters death. The actual culprit is a venomous Swamp Adder, or The Speckled Band. Helens sister, Julia, actually cries out just before she dies, Oh, my God! Helen! It was the band! The speckled band! which shows she actually saw the snake before it bit her, and poisoned her, but with this clever little trick from Doyle, it adds suspense to the story because the reader knows what killed Julia, a speckled band, but doesnt actually know what the speckled band is. Dr. Roylott kept the snake in a safe in his room, next door to Julias, and he sends it through a very small vent connecting the two rooms, and climbs down a fake bell pull, which lands on the right hand pillow of Julias bed. Roylotts motive for the murder was that he gets i 1000 a year from the girls late mothers inheritance. But if one of the girls were to marry, then he would have to pay up a section of it to them every year as well. Julia was just about to marry, so this is why he killed her so he didnt have to play up. Dr. Roylott appears for the first time in Holmes doorway, So tall was he that the top of his hat actually brushed the cross bar of the doorway, and his breadth seemed to span across it from side to side. This shows he is very tall and well built. He is described as having, A large face, seared with a thousand wrinkles, burned yellow from the sun, and marked with every evil passion, and he is also said to have deep, bile shot eyes and a high, thin fleshless nose which resembled a fierce old bird of prey. This make the reader believe he is not a very attractive man. From this and an earlier description of him by his stepdaughter, from which the reader learns that he has killed two people already, the reader realises that he has particularly violent tendencies. Suspense is created by the description of Roylott as such a dangerous character, and because of this the reader fears for the safety of Holmes, Watson and Miss Hudson. The picture of Roylott as a dangerous and violent man is reinforced when he bends the poker with his bare hands and then hurls it into the fireplace snarling at Holmes before leaving. Sherlock is very good at observing and acknowledging clues, as in The Speckled Band, he notices how Miss Helen Stoner travelled to their home by train and dogcart and set off early in the morning, I observe that the second half of a return ticket in the palm of your left glove , and also, The left arm of your jacket is splattered with mud in no less than seven places There is no vehicle save a mud cart that throws up mud in that way. In less than a few seconds he illustrates fully her mode of transportation to Swandam Lane and then even sees that she sat on the left side of the driver, then only when you sit on the left hand side of the driver. It is known that Holmes enjoys his work but a quote to prove this is, my profession is my reward. This shows that Holmes enjoys his job more than the money he earns, showing that he is committed to his job and thoroughly enjoys it. Watson very much admires Holmes and a quote which shows his attitude toward Holmes is, I rapidly threw on my clothes, and was ready in a few minutes to accompany my friend down to the sitting room. He uses the word friend rather than college or partner. This shows that he admires Holmes and is glad to be with him. Crime is so captivating because it is fascinating how people wish to do wrong. Why do people want to do the opposite of what we are supposed to do in a civilised community? Is it the buzz? The thrill? The excitement? I believe it is all of these. But why cant these people just do the right thing like the very few in the world that do? But of course, there are crimes which are accidental and arent purposely committed, such as manslaughter. There still are the same factors of detective fiction in non-fiction crime today, a villain (or an offender), a victim, evidence and false trails. Sidekicks may only be in fictional detection, but the other aspects are all real in the world of detection today. Karl Moores English Coursework 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

Policies for Partnership Working in Health and Social Care

Policies for Partnership Working in Health and Social Care The partnership between health and social care services policies in UK Introduction For the past decade or so, the focus within health and social services has been on improving all-round services through partnership between different organisations. The aim of this has been to improve integration, efficiency and provide better care for all types of patients in the community. However, the policies involved in both health and social care services have not always allowed the partnerships to work as they should. Whilst there have been some successes and partnerships have improved integration and overall care, there have also been mistakes that in some cases have made things worse rather than better.[1] The aim of this essay is to track the development of the partnership between health and welfare services over the last ten years or so, and how effective this partnership has been. There will be a critical review of partnership policy, and a focused case study on the Sure Start partnership as an example of how partnerships between health and social services in the UK are fairing. The development of a partnership between health and welfare service The development of partnerships between health and welfare services has been a critical focus of New Labour policy over the last ten years. However, these terms are often not defined particularly well and are therefore fairly difficult to analyse. The problem is that collaboration and partnership between the organisations is difficult in light of different cultures and power relationships within the professions.[2] However, this has not stopped attempts by New Labour to create partnerships between health and social care through various initiatives and policies. It was in 1999 that the government set out its radical NHS Plan that promised to transform the way in which health and social services interacted. The development of Care Trusts meant that health and social services would be dealt with by a singular organisation in certain areas for the first time. The main focus of the changes being on child services, service for the elderly and mental health services.[3] The first problem of developing partnerships was to overcome the difficulties and issues between new staff committed to the partnership and older staff who had worked in the organisations as separate entities. The UK Centres of Excellence funded by the DfES were created in an effort to combine high quality services in one place. These then led to specific Children’s Centres. The idea was to combine disciplines of health and social care in one arena as a focus on a specific group of individuals – in this case families and children.[4] The focus for many of the partnership policies and initiatives has been on children, families and the elderly in an effort to provide better integrated care for these groups. One of the biggest developments within partnerships between health care and social care has been to empower those who use the services in an effort to smooth over integration. The idea is that with user participation these organisations will better understand how to work as a partnership to help the needs of the user. If the users can help to shape service standards, then differences between the organisations will be reduced and effective partnership will be increased.[5] The idea behind this is also to manage internal diversity within the country as a society and the diversity within organisations so that these different parts can work together more easily.[6] The partnerships and their success are looked at in two ways. Firstly, how well the partners can work together to address mutual aims, and also how service delivery and effects on health and well-being of service users has been improved.[7] The focus of policy has been on inter-organisational partnerships between health and social care, rather than focusing on individual professionals working together between organisations. The development should be seen as ‘NHS working with DfES/DCSF’ rather than ‘GP’s, doctors and nurses working with social workers’.[8] The biggest shift has been the creation of the Primary Care Groups and Care Trusts which are responsible for the welfare of healthcare services in the community. These organisations are being encouraged to work with social services so that intermediate care can be provided, hospital waiting lists can be cut and the roots of issues can be sorted rather than merely the outcomes being treated. The formation of Care Trusts that try to combine health and social services in one organisation has been somewhat hit and miss in the UK.[9] The next section will critically examine these policies. Critical review of partnership policy One of the biggest problems with these policies is that many of the terms used are extremely vague and it is hard to evaluate their effectiveness. ‘Partnership’ is not accurately defined by most of the policies, and this leaves the concept open to interpretation.[10] The concept of user participation and feedback within the policy is also rather poorly defined, and this means that the effectiveness of user participation to bring together health and social services tools is rarely monitored.[11] There needs to be more feedback for users on their participation within these organisations, and the participation of users needs to be tied directly into policy to improve partnerships.[12] The term ‘culture’ is also given importance in the policies because it determines how the organisations work together in the partnership and work with users of the services. However, studies have shown this term has not been given a universal meaning and local organisations have given the term different meanings. This leads to inconsistent services and fluctuating success within a partnership.[13] However, there have been some benefits of the increased user participation within health and social care partnerships. It has allowed users to gain more power within the relationship and in many ways help to self-manage their own needs more clearly. This is certainly the care within health and social care partnerships for the elderly community. Rather than being seen as a drain on resources, the older generation can now work with health and social services to maintain a higher quality of life and continually contribute to society. With health and social care working together in this way, the elderly community have better access to their needs as well as being more efficiently care for due to the organisational collaboration.[14] The difference here is that whereas before an elderly person would be seen separately by the NHS and by private and government-based social services agencies, these organisations now work together to provide all primary care needs in one package. This makes it easier for all involved in the process.[15] It removes the boundaries that have been such an issue for many older people over the decades within the UK welfare system.[16] The problem of course arises when the partnership as a whole is not serving the needs of individuals. Whereas before an individual may be failed by one organisation, now the failure will cover all the services they require. With the health and social services organisations also working with private entities such as insurers, if one area fails then the service package as a whole can fail.[17] The problem is still that the two markets of health and social care are organisationally opposed. The culture within the organisations is geared towards competition rather than cooperation, and this has been extremely hard to overcome.[18] The disciplines have found it hard to build up levels of trust that allow for successful communication and partnership.[19] Despite these problems with policy, there have been cases where policies have established partnerships between health and social services. One of these partnership initiatives is known as ‘Sure Start’. The next section will present a case study of this partnership to evaluate its strengths and weaknesses. Case study of sure start The Sure Start program was created in the ‘early years’ of the New Labour government and looked to help children and families both before and after birth in a holistic and integrated way. This includes provided healthcare and social care for children, as well as providing in-need adults with social care that they can benefit from. The government put a large amount of money into the project from 1998 onwards, and has rolled the program out across the country.[20] The program sees all health and social care service providers work together to benefit parents and children in a wide variety of ways, particularly for vulnerable children and those with learning difficulties. These issues can benefit from an integrated approach that combines different aspects of health and social care in one package.[21] Reports from this program in local areas show that commitment to partnerships and cooperation has been high amongst the staff involved. Those involved in the partnership, whether health and social services staff or parent members, found the experience to be positive and allowed for a more integrated approach to family welfare. Work with families has improved somewhat, although there are still problems. The biggest problem to the effectiveness of the partnership is differing organisational cultures. These cultures mean that health and social services cannot always work effectively together, and that there are also limits on parental involvement. Parents found that the bureaucratic cultures of the organisations meant they were reluctant to participate further in the partnership. Likewise, staff within the different organisations found it hard to work with certain other staff because of differences in organisational culture.[22] In other studies, the results were even poorer. Rutter found that the objective of Sure Start to eliminate child poverty and social exclusion was not being met. The results of National Evaluations of the Sure Start Team were analysed and showed that after 3 years, there was no significant service improvement. In fact, in some areas the service had got worse and had made the situations of families worse.[23] The problem here was that whilst the partnership was working successful in bringing together health and social services, this was not improving the actual services offered on both sides. With only one organisation to now use, the most disadvantaged families were being let down in all areas rather than just in a few areas. It seems that many of the weaknesses of both organisations were combined in the partnership rather than their strengths. Other results show mixed results. One study showed that the partnership had been effective for teenage mothers in improving their parenting, but the actual children of such mothers were in some cases worse off. The problem seems to be not with the concept of the partnership itself, but the actual practical effectiveness of the local organisations involved in the particular partnership and the level of communication and cooperation between different staff.[24] Overall, the project has certainly been a success in developing integrated support networks for children and families throughout the UK. However, the effectiveness of this support network has been hindered in many areas because of different organisational cultures and a lack of adequate management capacity across the disciplines. These cultural problems have also limited the effectives of service user participation in some areas, and this is something that needs to be addressed in the future if these partnerships are to be successful.[25] Conclusion The policies of the New Labour government have tried to overcome the previous problems of drawing together the health and social services into one partnership. These organisations have always been highly separate, and attempts in the 1980’s and early 1990’s to foster cooperation between them often failed because of the differences in the organisations.[26] The issue has been that trying to find a fast and effective solution to the boundaries between health and social care is difficult, although it is attainable in the long-term.[27] The partnerships themselves have actually been quite successful in creating sustainable and integrated local support networks across the UK. However, the effectiveness of these partnerships has been damaged by a number of factors. Firstly, there is still too much competition and a culture of ‘blaming the other organisation’ between health and social services. Both organisations would prefer to absolve themselves of responsibility and compete for success rather than work together to solve the problem together. Although when things go right the partnership can work, when things go wrong both parties look to blame the ‘other side’. This means many users are let down by the partnership with no-one taking responsibility for the failure.[28] Also, there has been too much emphasis on inter-organisational cooperation rather than inter-professional cooperation. Whilst organisations as a whole are difficult to change because of imbedded cultures and management styles, individual professionals can quickly be shown how to work together to both achieve better results for their respective organisations. The government policies should be more focused on getting individuals within different organisations (e.g. doctors and social workers) than looking at combining whole organisations. This gives the user the integrated support they need whilst still allowing the different organisations to concentrate on what they do best.[29] In conclusion, partnerships between the health and social services in the UK can work to improve support for those who need it. However, the focus needs to shift from inter-organisational cooperation to inter-professional cooperation if the partnerships that have been successfully set up are to be effective in the future. Bibliography Anning, A (2005) Investigating the impact of working in multi- agency service delivery setting in the UK on early years practitioners beliefs and practices. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 3(1), pp.19-50 Balloch, S and Taylor, M (2001) Partnership Working: Policy and Practice. Bristol: The Policy Press. Barnes, M, Newman, J and Sullivan, H (2004) Power, participation and political renewal; theoretical and empirical perspectives on public participation under new Labour. Social Politics, 11(2), pp. 267-279. Belsky, J et al (2006) Effects of Sure Start local programmes on children and families: early findings from a quasi-experimental, cross sectional study. BMJ, 332, p. 1476. Brown, L, Tucker, C, and Domokos, T (2003) Evaluating the impact of integrated health and social care teams on older people living in the community. Health and Social Care in the Community, 11(2), pp. 85-94. Carnwell, R and Buchanan, J (2005) Effective Practice in Health and Social Care: A Partnership Approach. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Carpenter, J, Griffin, M and Brown, S (2005) The Impact of Sure Start on Social Services. Durham Centre for Applied Social Research. Available at: http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/research/data/uploadfiles/SSU2005FR015.pdf Carr, S (2004) Has service user participation made a difference to social care services? London: Social Care institute for Excellence. Available at: http://www.scie.org.uk/publications/positionpapers/pp03.asp Clarke, J (2005) New Labours citizens: activated, empowered, responsibilized, abandoned? Critical Social Policy, 25, pp. 447-463. Dowling, B, Powell, M, and Glendinning, C (2004) Conceptualising successful partnership. Health and Social Care in the Community, 12(4), pp. 309-317. DCSF (2008) Sure Start Partnership Work. SureStart Website. Available at: http://www.surestart.gov.uk/stepintolearning/setup/feinvolvement/partnership/ (Accessed 27th December 2008). Gilson, L (2003) Trust and the development of health care as a social institution. Social Science and Medicine, 56(7), pp. 1453-1468. Glasby, J and Peck, E (2004) Care Trusts: Partnership Working in Action. Oxford: Radcliffe Publishing. Glass, N (1999) Sure Start: the development of an early intervention programme for young children in the United Kingdom. Children and Society, 13(4), pp. 257-264. Glendinning, C (2002) Partnerships between health and social services: developing a framework for evaluation. Policy and Politics, 30(1), pp. 115-127. Glendinning, C, Powell, M A and Rummery, K (2002) Partnerships, New Labour and the Governance of Welfare. Bristol: The Policy Press. Ham, C (1997) Health Care Reform: Learning from International Experience. Plenary Session I: Reframing Health Care Policies. Available at: http://www.ha.org.hk/archives/hacon97/contents/26.pdf Hudson, B (1999) Joint commissioning across the primary health care–social care boundary: can it work? Health and Social Care in the Community, 7(5), pp. 358-366. Hudson, B (2002) Interprofessionality in health and social care: the Achilles heel of partnership? Journal of Interprofessional Care, 16(1), pp. 7-17. Leathard, A (1994) Going Inter-professional: Working Together for Health and Welfare. London: Routledge. Leathard, A (2003) Interprofessional Collaboration: From Policy to Practice in Health and Social Care. New York: Routledge. Lewis, J (2001) Older People and the Health–Social Care Boundary in the UK: Half a Century of Hidden Policy Conflict. Social Policy and Administration, 35(4), pp. 343-359. Lymbery, M (2006) Untied we stand? Partnership working in health and social care and the role of social work in services for older people. British Journal of Social Work, 36, pp. 1119-1134. Maddock, S and Morgan, G (1998) Barriers to transformation: Beyond bureaucracy and the market conditions for collaboration in health and social care. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 11(4), pp. 234-251. Martin, V (2002) Managing Projects in Health and Social Care. New York: Routledge. Myers, P, Barnes, J and Brodie, I (2003) Partnership Working in Sure Start Local Programmes Early findings from local programme evaluations. NESS Synthesis Report 1. Available at: http://www.ness.bbk.ac.uk/documents/synthesisReports/23.pdf Newman, J et al (2004) Public participation and collaborative governance. Journal of Social Policy and Society, 33, pp. 203-223. Peck, E, Towell, D and Gulliver, P (2001) The meanings of culture in health and social care: a case study of the combined Trust in Somerset . Journal of Interprofessional Care, 15(4), pp. 319-327. Rummery, K and Coleman, A (2003) Primary health and social care services in the UK: progress towards partnership? Social Science and Medicine, 56(8), pp. 1773-1782. Rutter, M (2006) Is Sure Start an Effective Preventive Intervention? Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 11(3), pp. 135-141. Stanley, N and Manthorpe, J (2004) The Age of Inquiry: Learning and Blaming in Health and Social Care. New York: Routledge. 1 Footnotes [1] Leathard, A (1994) Going Inter-professional: Working Together for Health and Welfare. London: Routledge, pp. 6-9 [2] Lymbery, M (2006) Untied we stand? Partnership working in health and social care and the role of social work in services for older people. British Journal of Social Work, 36, pp. 1128-1131. [3] Glasby, J and Peck, E (2004) Care Trusts: Partnership Working in Action. Oxford: Radcliffe Publishing, pp. 1-2 [4] Anning, A (2005) Investigating the impact of working in multi- agency service delivery setting in the Uk on early years practitioners beliefs and practices. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 3(1), pp.19-21 [5] Barnes, M, Newman, J and Sullivan, H (2004) Power, participation and political renewal; theoretical and empirical perspectives on public participation under new Labour. Social Politics, 11(2), pp. 267-270. [6] Clarke, J (2005) New Labours citizens: activated, empowered, responsibilized, abandoned? Critical Social Policy, 25, pp. 449-453 [7] Dowling, B, Powell, M, and Glendinning, C (2004) Conceptualising successful partnership. Health and Social Care in the Community, 12(4), pp. 309-312. [8] Hudson, B (2002) Interprofessionality in health and social care: the Achilles heel of partnership? Journal of Interprofessional Care, 16(1), pp. 10-14. [9] Rummery, K and Coleman, A (2003) Primary health and social care services in the UK: progress towards partnership? Social Science and Medicine, 56(8), pp. 1777-1780. [10] Glendinning, C (2002) Partnerships between health and social services: developing a framework for evaluation. Policy and Politics, 30(1), pp. 115-117. [11] Carr, S (2004) Has service user participation made a difference to social care services? London: Social Care institute for Excellence. Available at: http://www.scie.org.uk/publications/positionpapers/pp03.asp [12] Newman, J et al (2004) Public participation and collaborative governance. Journal of Social Policy and Society, 33, pp. 217-220. [13] Peck, E, Towell, D and Gulliver, P (2001) The meanings of culture in health and social care: a case study of the combined Trust in Somerset . Journal of Interprofessional Care, 15(4), pp. 323-325. [14] Balloch, S and Taylor, M (2001) Partnership Working: Policy and Practice. Bristol: The Policy Press, pp. 143-145. [15] Leathard, A (2003) Interprofessional Collaboration: From Policy to Practice in Health and Social Care. New York: Routledge, pp. 102-103 [16] Lewis, J (2001) Older People and the Health–Social Care Boundary in the UK: Half a Century of Hidden Policy Conflict. Social Policy and Administration, 35(4), pp. 343-344. [17] Ham, C (1997) Health Care Reform: Learning from International Experience. Plenary Session I: Reframing Health Care Policies. Available at: http://www.ha.org.hk/archives/hacon97/contents/26.pdf, p. 25 [18] Maddock, S and Morgan, G (1998) Barriers to transformation: Beyond bureaucracy and the market conditions for collaboration in health and social care. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 11(4), pp. 234-235. [19] Gilson, L (2003) Trust and the development of health care as a social institution. Social Science and Medicine, 56(7), pp. 1463-1466. [20] Glass, N (1999) Sure Start: the development of an early intervention programme for young children in the United Kingdom. Children and Society, 13(4), pp. 257-259. [21] DCSF (2008) Sure Start Partnership Work. SureStart Website. Available at: http://www.surestart.gov.uk/stepintolearning/setup/feinvolvement/partnership/ (Accessed 27th December 2008). [22] Myers, P, Barnes, J and Brodie, I (2003) Partnership Working in Sure Start Local Programmes Early findings from local programme evaluations. NESS Synthesis Report 1. Available at: http://www.ness.bbk.ac.uk/documents/synthesisReports/23.pdf [23] Rutter, M (2006) Is Sure Start an Effective Preventive Intervention? Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 11(3), pp. 137-140. [24] Belsky, J et al (2006) Effects of Sure Start local programmes on children and families: early findings from a quasi-experimental, cross sectional study. BMJ, 332, p. 1476. [25] Carpenter, J, Griffin, M and Brown, S (2005) The Impact of Sure Start on Social Services. Durham Centre for Applied Social Research. Available at: http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/research/data/uploadfiles/SSU2005FR015.pdf, pp. 44-48 [26] Glendinning, C, Powell, M A and Rummery, K (2002) Partnerships, New Labour and the Governance of Welfare. Bristol: The Policy Press, pp. 34-36 [27] Hudson, B (1999) Joint commissioning across the primary health care–social care boundary: can it work? Health and Social Care in the Community, 7(5), pp. 363-365. [28] Stanley, N and Manthorpe, J (2004) The Age of Inquiry: Learning and Blaming in Health and Social Care. New York: Routledge, pp. 1-5 [29] Martin, V (2002) Managing Projects in Health and Social Care. New York: Routledge, pp. 180-190

Mars Essay -- essays papers

Mars In today's world, there exist many problems that affect the way human beings live their life. Human beings struggle through life, with a dream of high standards, which they try to pursue, but can not obtain. This form of hopefulness is called Utopia which the dictionary defines as: "having impossibly ideal conditions especially social organization; a place of ideal perfection in laws, government, and social conditions." Every person has their own idea of an ideal community of perfection, but one that I believe could be and ideal community would be life on Mars. This perfect world can be achieved through societal values, living conditions, and the limitations on governmental control. In a large community, Societal values are very important in that they create the moral values in which the human race bases all their decisions on. In a utopian society on Mars, everyone would treat each other equally. There would be no human greed which in majority, cause most of all world suffering. Everyone would care for each other and there would be no titles among the people. The community would act as one family, helping each other out during difficult times, situations and problems among the community. This utopian society would be like a true family, know who everyone is, help each other out and teach them new ideas and concepts never heard of. This in effect would generate and give them all true moral values that would only generate the good in all of them and not the evil side of humanity. The goal would be to eliminate all human suffering due to human greed. Besides having a good conscience, living conditions would also play a very important role in creating this unthinkable life. Although Mars is a hazardous planet now, due to technological advances, scientists have created a way to make the planet livable. By pumping carbon into the air, it clashes with the nitrogen in the atmosphere causing a chemical reaction producing the one item all life needs. Water. By creating a habitat on the surface of Mars, protected by a polarized electronic field, like in the movies of Star Trek, and force fields, it can make Mars livable for a certain amount of people, the utopian community. Although variety is needed to create a diverse community, all families would have a home, each different to their taste. My home would be a two-story house with four rooms,... ...would include, being a leader in the community, having successfully accomplished a good education, relate to the people very well, money means nothing to them, and etc. Ten elected officials would be chosen to run these positions out of voluntary service and would run for five years. These people would not get paid. Thus this eliminates the need for a president. There would be no taxes also, because in the community, everything that society needed would be self manufactured. The community itself would be the police and if one speculates the greediness and finds a person disobeying law, they report to the community and that individual would be dealt with. Thus law and order would be present to assure the outlaw of human greed. In conclusion, although Martian society sounds like a great place to live, human greed would always be present because that is how human nature is. But if selected individuals were chosen to obey to these laws, a society with pure goodness and no human suffering can be achieved from the impossible. But a utopian society can not be accomplished with out societal values, a good set of living conditions and a restricted government among circle of the tribe.

The Young Offenders Act :: Free Essay Writer

The Young Offenders Act This essay was written to show the advantages and disadvantages of the Young Offenders Act over the previous Juvenile Delinquents Act. Also it should give a theoretical underezding of the current Canadian Juvenile-Justice system, the act and it's implications and the effects of the young offenders needs and mental health on the outcome of the trials. In the interest of society the young offenders act was brought forth on april second 1984. This act was created to ensure the rights and the needs of a young person. Alan W. Leshied says "On one hand the justice and legal objectives of the act are being effectively realized while on the other hand the needs and treatment aspects of it leave much to be desired." The research of the Young offenders act is still ongoing but Leshied says that it is becoming clear that the custody positions have been in dispute since the act came into effect. The old Juvenile delinquency act states in section 38 "The care and custody and discipline of a juvenile delinquent shall approximate as nearly as maybe that which should be given by his parents, and... as far as practability every juvenile delinquent shall be treated, not as a criminal, but as a misguided and misdirected child . . . needing aid, encouragement, help and assiezce."(Page 72) If a youth is close to the adult age of 18 years they could be transfered to the adult justice system. This means that they would be given the same sentences as an adult including and up to life in prison. Many people have tried to correct this problem that they see as a weakness. Yet, so far their attempts have failed. Another weakness they find, is that the courts are expensive and unsatisfactory methods of dealing with crime that is not very serious. Before the fabrication of legal aid most young offenders were not able to obtain legal services. "Subsection 11 (4) provides that, were a young person wishes to obtain counsel but is not able to do so, the youth-court judge shall refer the young person to the provincial legal-aid, or assiezce program. If no such program is available or the young person is unable to obtain counsel through an available program, the youth court judge may, and on the request of the young person shall direct the young person to be represented by counsel.

Attitude Formation Essay

Attitude Formation/ Change Essay Plan INTRODUCTION: What are Attitudes? A learned predisposition to behave in a consistently favourable or unfavourable manner with respect to a given object, they are also transferable simplifies the decision making as what has been learnt from one The attitude â€Å"object†: It includes specific consumption or marketing concepts such as product, product category, brand, service, possessions, product use, price, package etc. Eg.Consumer attitudes towards online shopping. Attitudes are a learned predisposition that means attitudes are formed as a result of prior direct experience with the object through word of mouth, information acquired from others or from advertising. Attitudes are relatively consistent with the behaviour they reflect. They usually occur within a situation such as an event or circumstance that, at a particular point in time, influence the relationship between attitude and behaviour.In consumer behaviour attitudes usually rela te to consistent purchase, recommendations, top rankings, beliefs, evaluations, intentions. BODY: Tricomponent model -cognitive- the knowledge and perceptions acquired from direct contact with a product Affective: the emotions and feelings helping to evaluate the product Conative: the tendency to behave or act in a particular way MULTI ATTRIBUTE MODEL: Attitude toward object model: Suitable for measuring attitudes towards a brand, product, or service or specific brand.Presence or evaluation of certain product specific beliefs about the product-Level of positive and negative attributes, favourable or unfavourable attitudes towards the product. Attitude towards behaviour: An individual’s attitude towards behaving or acting to an object rather than an attitude towards the object itself. Eg. Your reaction/action when you are presented with a BMW. Theory of reasoned action: An integration of attitude components- the affective, the cognitive, conative-has been designed to give mark et researchers a esearch tool that better predicts and explains consumer behaviour. Theory of planned: consumers are affected by perceived behavioural control , there skills of resources can influence the outcome, has been used to understand the willingness to engage in a broad range of activities. How attitudes are learnt: -As attitudes are formed, there is a shift from no attitude to some attitude towards a particular object -this shift in attitude is a result of learning established brand names are often perceived favourably, as the result of stimulus generalisation (classical conditioning) -Sometimes attitudes follow the trial purchase of the product (instrumental conditioning) Attitudes are learned through: -classical conditioning: repeated satisfaction with other products from the same organisation -instrumental conditioning: a new product is purchased= if it proves satisfactory consumers are likely to develop a favourable attitude towards it -Cognitive learning: attitudes are formed of the basis of information found and the consumers own beliefs and knowledge.Sources of influence on formation of attitudes: family, friends, personal experience, promotional activities, mass media, internet. Personality and Attitude formation: Personality plays a critical role in attitude formation , those with a high need for cognition are likely to form positive attitudes to promotions that are rich in product related information Those with a low need of cognition have more positive attitudes towards promotions that feature attractive models or well known celebrities.

Sport Policy and Development- Discuss the Relationship Between Sport and Crime Reduction and Critically Assess the Benefits/Limitations That Sport Presents in Achieving Positive Results.

Sport Policy and Development- Summative 1 Discuss the relationship between sport and crime reduction and critically assess the benefits/limitations that sport presents in achieving positive results. In this piece of literature there will be an in depth discussion of the complicated relationship between sport and crime. There will be a lot of focus on the debate of whether sport plays a positive role in crime reduction in society, and in what ways sport can be used as a method to lower crime in society.This essay will endeavour to critically examine both the benefits and limitations of sport to achieve positive results in reducing crime in society. The fact is that crime in society isn’t a straight forward issue, it is extremely complex. In this section there will be an assessment of the reasons for why sport is believed to either reduce or influence crime. There are multiple theories to suggest that sport can be used in society as a mechanism to produce a positive influence ov er crime in all areas of society.There are many theories for why communities see a reduction in criminal activities when good sports policies are implemented and carried out. One of the theories for this was explored in Mutz and Baur` investigation in 2009 into youths’ involvement in conflict and violence and the role of sport in preventing it. They wrote about the crime opportunity theory, they said that offenders often act â€Å"in a purposive and instrumental- rational manner insofar as they evaluate the cost and benefit that might accompany an offence in a given situation. In other words the perceived likelihood of detection and the effected severity of the punishment define the cost of a crime. They go on to say that the presence of people significantly reduces the likelihood of crimes being committed. This theory has been used to prove that sport can reduce crime, particularly in youths. It is evident to see that deviant actions are dramatically reduced in the presence of authority; figures that monitor the adolescents whilst taking part in physical activity. In many cases this time can be used to witness youths’ misdemeanours and negatively reinforce these actions therefore bettering them (Mutz and Baur,. 009). However, there are researchers that oppose this notion that this theory reduces crime in society as a whole but instead most of the time simply delays the crime until away from that environment. An article in `Sport Illustrated by Jeff Benedict (2010) spoke about how instances of serious felonies perpetrated by college athletes who train round the clock are on the increase. This not only directly contradicts the opportunity theory but Benedict goes on to talk about how these athletes were protected by their sporting status and received reduced sentences or no sentence at all.This suggests that sport is possibly increasing crime due to the providing immunity and disrespect for the law in effect glorifying criminal activity (Benedict ,. 2010). Another theory that supports these structured supervised sports sessions for youth in the attempt to reduce crime is Fred Coalter` â€Å"Antidote to boredom theory†. This theory is a common sense assumption on the old phrase â€Å"the devil finds work for idle hands† and links in with the crime opportunity theory.It suggests that â€Å"much adolescent crime is opportunity led and giving people something (hopefully constructive) to do hopefully keeps them out of harm’s way†. In other words in the promotion of sport and a productive activity it therefore reduces the temptation to participate in deviant activity (Coalter,. 2007). It has been theorised that young people, the majority of which are adolescent males, display aggressive or violent tendencies whilst frustrated or angry, this is said to be due to an instincts that we are born with. It was famously stated by Sigmund Freud (1925) that in certain scenarios we are â€Å"born to be bad† .In more recent years this theory has been proven to be indeed fact and under further investigation it is thought that when a person behaves aggressively these actions release hormones resulting in catharsis, a word derived from the Greek word katharsis which means to purge/cleanse the body. Behaving like this reduces pent up negative tension; this in turn enables temper regulation more easily. Sport replicates these feelings of aggression and simulates the catharsis of aggression therefore releasing frustration that leads to a state known as `emotional cleansing`.This acts as a positive tool with adolescents so that aggression is released in a productive and safe environment and suggests that sports that require more aggression, such as all contact sports should see a reduced participation in crime from those individuals (Widmeyer et al,. 2002). The Social Bonding theory as theorised by Hirschi in 1969 consists of 4 elements these being `attachment to families, commitment to social norms, institutions and involvement in activities and the belief that these things are important`.This theory suggests people who produce social ties with positive role models; these being either friends or family, particularly from a young age promote socially acceptable behaviours and attitudes and are reinforced more effectively. These behaviours and attitudes could be any or all of the 4 elements that in turn reduce the likelihood of criminal participation. Commitment or responsibility inspires pride in one’s self and helps promote self-confidence.Involvement in conventional activities such as sport can provide life direction and a provide focus for people at risk of committing crimes. Finally, belief is the acceptance of moral validity of the central social- value system (Wiatrowski et al, . 1981). Sport is a great medium to induce the social bonding perspective onto society because sport ethics are a mirror image of those we find in every day society (e. g. hard work, abiding rules, teamwork etc.. ) therefore it tightens bonds to moral codes and in turn limits the likelihood of committing criminal acts (Miethe and Meier,. 994 ). The social learning theory (SLT) suggests that individual behavioural patterns particularly that of minors are heavily influenced by observation, imitation and reinforcement (Grusec,. 1997). This theory provides arguments for both sides of this argument. On the one hand an argument can be made that contact and noncontact sports can teach strong moral codes to play by the rules or suffer negative consequences, work hard at everything you do in order to receive just rewards, and maintain interpersonal skills in order to maintain strong relationships that help teamwork.These positive behaviours and attitudes are then in theory adopted in to other areas of life, therefore reducing crime participation (Biel and Bienne,. 2008). For example studies have shown that contact sport if taught correctly can display a positive reductio ns in crime, Trulson found that the traditional philosophical and psychological elements were vital to be effective in reducing the risk factors associated with offending, if these elements are removed combat sport was instead associated with an increase in criminal behaviour.This is a prime example of SLT (Endresen and Olweus,. 2005). This evidence suggests that sport isn’t as clear cut as that and in fact sport in most scenarios promotes aggression and even encourages violence towards other people, but it is acceptable because it is in a sports environment. Examples of this could be manufactured fouls in football or the more obvious displays of violence in contact sports. Some theorists believe that SLT and crime participation can be related to these sports because of the skills and attitudes taught in order to be successful within the game e. g. win at all costs†, intimidate, be strong and powerful to get your own way, defend team mates. All these can lead to individ uals being more likely to become involved in violence than those people that have other leisure activities (Hickley,. 2008). Quite clearly there is what some might perceive as very contentious points raised in many areas of this study, and a lot of literature seems to have an abundance of contradictory dimensions. Having read various pieces of literature it is easy to see why there is so much disagreement where crime reduction and sport initiatives are concerned.An example of these controversies is in the first point raised, that sport provides an environment in the spot light where people can take part in productive, non-deviant activities and possibly allow social workers to enforce positive attitudes to law abiding and team work. However, to say that this prevents crime full stop is naive and some researchers suggest that methods such as late night basketball is not economically viable in relation the amount of crime in prevents (Hartman and Depro,. 2006).Research also suggest th at sport as an antidote for boredom falls across similar traits in the sense that yes there is an increase in crime particularly amongst youths during periods of perceived boredom and yes sport does act as a remedy for this. However this only displays short term results in reducing crime in a percentage of adolescent males and virtually no females regardless of age. This is because as soon as the youths get bored of the activities very often they would revert back to manufactured excitement in the medium of crime and deviant activity (Levermore,. 2011)The second contentious issue concerns the social learning theory’s effect on crime through sport. The positives and negatives of sports’ influences on crime are heavily debated in research of this type especially within contact sport communities. As discussed earlier sport provides an environment were positive attitudes and behaviours can be learnt, refined and reinforced particularly within crime `at risk` areas and demo nstrate positive results. However, studies show that contact sports display opposite results where untroubled youths are concerned and can in fact increase crime participation within these groups.This is said to run the risk of `overdosing` minor offenders with interventions which is known to increase crime participation (Jenkins and Ellis,. 2011 ). This of course creates a paradox because if contact sport interventions are only appropriate for at risk communities, should they only be accessible to individuals at the risk of offending this would obviously produce social stigmas, labelling and social segregation leading to possible social tensions that incite conflict.Or should this particular policy area available to everyone at risk seducing those without prior criminal involvement with the violence of contact sport therefore providing the potential for corruption? However when considering contact sports popularity in society there does seem to be a lack of interventions that use i t as a tool to reduce criminal activity.The main limiting factors when questioning the positives and negatives of sport and its effectiveness as a crime reduction strategy in society is that more empirical research into the short and long-term benefits is needed along with a correct understanding of the type of programme that is appropriate for different social groups and the strategies that can effectively implement long lasting effects, merely establishing a statistical association for short periods of time in insufficient (Nichols,. 1999).The second limiting factor is the lack of research as regards to the effect of sport and intervention to crime in the older community and all female groups. There is virtually no evidence to suggest that sport helps female offenders. However this may be because statistically speaking males are responsible for 74% of crimes committed and it is common sense that initiatives are aimed at culprits, (British Crime Statistics) although a feminist pers pective in this policy area could be beneficial (Coakley and Pike,. 009) As these points suggest, making the policy with the aim to reduce crime in society is very difficult and it seems that there will never be any middle ground on the subject. However with all the academic and statistical literature taken into account there was a common theme in the majority of them. The conclusion that most studies drew was that there is still no evidence to suggest that sport has an influence over crime in society in either direction.Smith and Waddington concluded that â€Å"despite vast numbers of such community schemes currently in operation in the UK, there is still very little evidence for their effectiveness in reducing and preventing crime and drug abuse †(Smith and Waddington,. 2004). This is supported by various other academic articles (Caruso,. 2011, Coalter,. 2005, Nichols and Crow,. 2004). In my opinion the best way to combat crime is via top quality coaching in communities tha t teach appropriate values that sports uphold and therefore can be transferred into everyday society.Secondly, the correlation between contact sports, physical violence and aggression in society and reoffending criminality is too high and causes to many social problems, therefore I feel it would be better if initiatives are designed around non-contact sports, so when unnecessary aggression is portrayed it is reinforced with negative consequences e. g. card, sending off. This is transferable to everyday life.Thirdly, I believe that sport crime interventions are the best resource we have in terms of cost efficiency, documented research and developed programmes and it is likely that any other initiatives would show the exact same results if not worse. With this in mind we should heed the evidence that suggests the best way to target crime in society when using the medium of sport is by targeting the impressionable youth community, we should continue this focus. However for more decisiv e conclusions to be drawn from studies in this area there needs to be more extensive, more representative and more investment in longitudinal studies.References D. J Begg, J. D Langley, T. Moffittand S. W. Marshall. (1996). Sport and delinquency: an examination of the deterrence hypothesis in a longitudinal study. British Journal of Sport Medicine. 30 (4), 335-341. J. Benedict . (2010). An alarming number of college athletes charged with serious crime. Available: http://sportsillustrated. cnn. com/2010/writers/jeff_benedict/09/08/athletes. crime/index. html. Last accessed 2nd February . Biel and Bienne. (2008). Evidence in the field of Sport and Development: An overview. Schwery Consulting . 1 (1), 4-14 . R. Caruso. (2011).Crime and sport participation: Evidence from Italian regions over the period 1997–2003 . The Journal of Socio-Economics. 40 (5), 455-463. J. Coakley and E. Pike . (2009). Using social theories: How can they help us study sports in society?. In: M. Havelock, J. Fray and J. Bishop, Sports in Society: Issues and Controversies. London: McGraw-Hill Education . 49-51. F. Coalter. (2005). The Social Benefits of Sport. An Overview to Inform the Community Planning Process. 1 (98), 25-31. F. Coalter (2007 ). A Wider Social Role For Sport: Who`s Keeping Score?. London : Routledge . 119- 12 . I. M. Endresen and D. Olweus . (2005).Participation in power sports and antisocial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 46 (5), 468-478. J. E. Grusec. (1997). Social Learning Theory and Developmental Psychology: The Legacies of Robert Sears and Albert Bandura . Developmental Psychology . 28 (5), 776-786 D. Hartman and B. Depro . (2006). Re-thinking sport-based community crime prevention: a preliminary analysis of the relationship between Midnight Basketball and urban crime rates. Journal of Sport & Social Issues. 30 (2), 180-96. C. Hickey. (2008). Physical Education, sport and Hyper-masculinity in Schools. Sport, Education and Society . 13 (2), 147-1 61.C. Jenkins and T. Ellis . (2011). The highway to Hooliganism? An evaluation of the impact of combat sport participation an individual criminality. International Journal of Police Science and Management . 13 (2), 117-131. R. Levermore. (2011). Evaluating sport for development: approaches and critical issues. Progress in Development Studies. 11 (4), 339-353. T. McEntire. (2006). 10 Benefits of Playing Sports. Available: http://www. families. com/blog/10-benefits-of-playing-sports. Last accessed 2nd February . T. D. Miethe and R. F. Meier (1994). Social Context: Toward an Intergraded Theory of Offenders, Victims and Situation .New York: State University of New York . 9- 27. M. Mutz and J. Baur. (2009). The role of sports for violence prevention: Sport club participation and violent behavior among adolescents . International Journal of Sport Policy. 1 (3), 305-321. G. Nichols . (1999). The difficulties of Justifying local authority sports and leisure programmes for young people with reference to an objective of crime reduction . Vista . 6 (2), 151-164. G. Nichols and I. Crow. (2004). Measuring the Impact of Crime Reduction Interventions Involving Sports Activities for Young People . The Howard Journal. 43 (3), 267–283.A. Smith and I. Waddington . (2004 ). Using `sport and community schemes` to tackle crime and drug use among young people: some policy issues and problems . European Physical Education Review . 10 (3), 279-298. M. D. Wiatrowski, D. B. Griswold and M. K. Roberts. (1981). Social Control Theory and Delinquency. 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TV Is a Bad Influence

Do you know how does TV influence people? Well TV should be regulated and the people need to decide how to use it. TV is a bad influence for health, the publicity should be regulated; for example adult content must not be shown at available hours and TV is not the only way for entertainment. Watching TV for many hours brings you problems with your eyes as well as terrible headache. In fact, children that spend many hours watching it are lazier than children that read books; furthermore, children that see sports instead of practicing them tend to be obese. For better or worse, television is an important factor health educator. In addition, 40% of the people Interviewed reported that they watched at least 2 hours of television per day, while 59% reported that they did less than 30 min of exercise and physical activity each day. The Comparisons between the foods and drinks were as a frequently consumed on television this was compared with the behavior and influenced on actual adolescents. They get influenced by TV on the patterns models of food. Over the 35% of the people admit eating pizza and pasta although 10% of Interviewed thought that television characters ate a lot of muffins and dough- nuts. Publicity should be regulated. Publicity of adult content must not be on available hours. In fact publicity influences children on their growing up; they reported that what adolescents watch on TV the want to imitate for example the drink that they watch on TV is that one that they drank frequently. The data showed that the television focuses on the sex appeal, health and alcohol and that makes a powerful impact on the growing up of the adolescents for example: body satisfaction and health behaviors. The television actors who are overweight or obese are use with less importance on interactions for romantic scene. In addition, overweight or obese actresses are more tend to be the joke of the TV shows and also to the violent acts. In contrast in Long et al. (2002) reported that the 11% of the adolescent that drank and have health behaviors are because they are influenced by characters of the television. The us population does not dines the fact that the television reports social norms and model behaviors especially the more affected are the teenagers TV is not the only way for entertainment; there are other things that people have forgotten. For example: reading, museums, radio, parks, etc. TV doesn’t help to the cultural development. In fact people prefer watching TV instead of listening to the radio or to read. Television influence people in the way they think so as they act. TV is a good mass of media but first of all TV should be regulated and also people needs to decide how to use it because the educational shows are very good. But for example adult content and many other things affected to the Mind of the teenager. So people need to decide how to use it and not to be influenced by TV!

The Ripple Effect of Smoking

The Ripple Effect of Smoking It has become common knowledge that smoking is bad for people’s health, nonetheless people continue to smoke. To be honest, that is fine. If people want to endanger themselves by smoking then I wish them a swift and peaceful end (though most smokers die a slow and agonizing death). What is not acceptable is the effect that smoke has on non-smokers who have almost no way of getting away from smoke unless they want to stay in their house. Smokers affect everyone around them for the worse. Smoking should be restricted or banned from all public places because the health of non-smokers should not be jeopardized by secondhand smoke. As stated before, almost everyone knows and accepts the fact that smoking is unhealthy. For those who don’t know, Phillip Morris, one of the leading tobacco manufacturers, must tell them that very fact. As part of a settlement agreement with the government, Philip Morris must publish that they â€Å"agrees with the overwhelming medical and scientific consensus that cigarette smoking causes lung cancer, heart disease, emphysema (where the lungs basically break down), and other serious diseases inn smokers† (Philip Morris U. S. A. 1). Yet some don’t know how bad smoking actually is for people, both for the smokers and non-smokers alike. According to Michele Late, author for The Nation’s Health, published by the American Public Health Association, â€Å"A new report by the U. S. urgeon general found that smoking causes disease in almost every organ of the human body. † So aside from common knowledge that smoking causes lung cancer as well as other respiratory problems and diseases, people need to know that it also causes cancer in almost every other part of the body. Among those diseases are, â€Å"leukemia, cataracts, and pneumonia as well as cancers of th e pancreas, cervix, and kidneys† (Late). According to the surgeon general’s report, â€Å"Other complications linked to smoking included diabetes complications, hip fractures and reproductive complications† (Late). Why anyone would want to smoke with the knowledge that smoking causes these problems is beyond reason. Ultimately though, it is a person’s choice as to whether they want to cause harm to themselves by smoking or not. Although people may choose to smoke, it is unfair of them to inflict the consequences of their choice upon others. The smoke that smokers put out into the air is nearly as harmful as what they take in to their own systems. When non- smokers happen to be in the vicinity of a smoker they inhale what the smoker puts out. This is called secondhand smoke. A definition from Philip Morris U. S. A. ’s website states that, â€Å"Secondhand smoke, also known as environmental tobacco smoke or ETS, is a combination of the smoke coming from the lit end of a cigarette plus the smoke exhaled by a person smoking† (Philip Morris U. S. A2). Secondhand smoke is almost as harmful to the non-smoker as the firsthand smoke is to the smoker. According to William V. Corr, the executive director of Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, â€Å"Secondhand smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals and 69 known carcinogens, including formaldehyde, cyanide, arsenic, carbon monoxide, methane, benzene, and radioactive polonium 210. With all these known cancer causing products in secondhand smoke, it is not surprising that, â€Å"secondhand smoke is proven to cause lung cancer and serious respiratory illnesses† (Corr). Secondhand smoke also causes, â€Å"asthma, respiratory infections, cough, wheeze, otitis media (middle ear infection) and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome,† (Philip Mor ris U. S. A. 2) in children. According to Donna Halvorsen, writer for the Star Tribune in Minneapolis, â€Å"The CDC (The Centers of Disease Control and Prevention) estimates that 3,000 nonsmokers die of lung cancer caused by secondhand smoke each year. An additional 35,000 die of heart disease also from secondhand smoke†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It is unfair to make those who choose not to smoke be damaged by the secondhand smoke of a smoker. What is the solution to this problem? The most effective solution is to ban smoking in all public places. If people who want to smoke then they can do so in the privacy of their own homes, where they can only hurt themselves and their loved ones. California has taken the first step by banning smoking in most indoor establishments. Yet more has to be done. It needs to be banned outdoors in public as well. Though the theory that outdoors smoke dissipates has some validity, if you are within 20 feet of a smoker, you are still affected. Other atmospheric conditions can cause you to be affected from farther away. There will be arguments against this solution, the main one being personal freedom. Opponents will say that their personal freedom to smoke is being violated. Though right now, smokers are violating millions of people’s rights. A non-smoker’s right to live in an uncontaminated and healthy environment is being violated by the smoker who chooses to engage in this repulsive habit. A non-smoker’s right to a longer, pain free life is being taken away by the diseases they get from inhaling secondhand smoke. This solution, though the most effective, is also the most extreme. Until we reach an ideal society where smoking is nonexistent, there are ways to help alleviate the problems posed by secondhand smoke. One is to have separate rooms in public places with high quality air filters. They have started doing this in airports. A new renovation is smokeless cigarettes. A U. S. company that makes this product is Longherb Health Products, Inc. According to them, â€Å"This smokeless product, which consists of a menthol or cinnamon-flavored filter material – like that used in a cigarette filter – looks and feels like a cigarette, but contains no tobacco or nicotine, and does not burn. The smokers simply draw or inhale on Smoker's Option Cigarettes whenever they have the desire to smoke cigarettes. † Unfortunately there is the problem that cigarettes are addictive. Some who are addicted to cigarettes need one every hour. An addiction causes physical pain when you don’t have your addictive substance. To help people quit there are many different solutions. They range from patches, to gum, to medication. Philip Morris U. S. A. has links on their website that can help you quit smoking, one being QuitAssistâ„ ¢. The information for quit assist was written by and is maintained by Cheryl K. Olson, Sc. D. of Harvard Medical School, as well as a review board. Secondhand smoke is a problem that must be dealt with. There are alternatives to smoking and ways to deal with secondhand smoke. Smoking must be banned or severely restricted in public for the well being of the multitudes of innocent non-smokers.

Biography of Rihanna

She began signing when she was seven with two of her classmates but it wasn’t until she was sixteen that she met Evan Rogers and began to work with him and moved out of Barbados. A year after moving to the states she was asked to meet with Jay-z at DefJam Records where she was offered a contract in February 2005. Working with DefJam records she was able to record her first album by the end of 2005. â€Å"Music of the sun† was released and Pon De Replay became her first widely known hit making it in to the top 5 singles for that year. Just about a year later she released album number two â€Å"A Girl Like Me†. Her song S. O. S. was her first number one hit and the album was ranked in the top five albums for the year. In May 2007 she released her third album â€Å"Good Girl Gone Bad† which won her a Grammy for best rap/collaboration for her number one hit Umbrella. This album also was known for three other number one hits including Don’t Stop the Music, Take a Bow, and Disturbia. Around two years later she released her fourth album â€Å"Rated R† which was the number one album on the Billboard Hot 100 albums for the year. Three of her songs from this album made it to the top ten singles including Russian Roulette, Hard, and Rude Boy. Under a year later she released â€Å"Loud† being one of her most popular albums and being known for her three number one singles Only Girl(In the World), Samp;M, and What’s My Name?. Finally her most recent album â€Å"Talk That Talk† was released in 2012 and is currently known for the number one single We Found Love. As of now we know that she is working on her seventh album which no information has been release about. She had been on four tours around the world and has one upcoming tour Diamonds World Tour which will be her biggest, longest tour yet. Rihanna often gives credit to her idols that all influenced her in different ways. The person she says influenced her the most would be Madonna saying â€Å"I want to be the Black Madonna. † She also has said that Whitney Houston, Beyonce, Bob Marley, Marilyn Monroe, Mariah Carey and Destiny’s child were very influential on her life becoming a successful artist in today’s music industry. Rihanna has become an influential person herself, having been and idol for Justin Bieber and Rita Ora, both younger artists. She has been named one of the most influential people in the world and ranks fourth in the most powerful celebrities. She has received many awards including five American Music awards, eighteen Billboard Music awards, two BRIT awards and 5 Grammys. She has had eleven number one singles on Billboards top 100 and was named Digital Artist for the 2000’s by Billboard Music as well. She is the highest selling digital artist of all time with 47,571,000 sold singles as of early 2012. Forbes reported that she earned a little over $82 million between May 2010 and May 2012 and she continues to expand on her career. Rihanna in known for her thought provoking music videos, many of them with under-lying meanings. Much like Madonna she incorporates substance abuse, domestic violence or love triangles into her videos. She also turns obscure situations into glitz and glamorous situations. Many of her videos and outfits have caused controversy because of the explicit content. Her live shows are known for her hip shaking, sex appeal, attitude, sexy outfits and over the top performances sometimes being quite risque. She has said that â€Å"These performances are all an act, that’s not me. That’s a part I play. You know it’s like a piece of art with all these toys and textures to play with. † In her early days she was a typical teen pop star but she easily shifted her appearance dramatically and continues to change frequently. By the time she released her â€Å"Good Girl Gone Bad† album she had completely shook the teen pop star image everyone had gave her. By 2008 she was named best dressed by Peoples magazine and was on Maxims Hot 100 for five consecutive years (2007-2011). In 2009 Glamour named her Woman of the year and she ranked seventeenth out of fifty in Most Glamorous Women. She also was named sexiest women alive in 2011 by Esquire. Not only is she an extremely successful music artist, she has had her share in acting as well. In 2006 she mad a cameo appearance in the movie Bring it On: All or Nothing. In 2012 she was seen in the movie Battleship as GM2 officer Cora Raikes and had another cameo appearance in The Katy Perry Movie. In the next two years she will be seen in End of the World and Happy Smekday. The successful Barbadian superstar started out as a typical teen pop singer and has made a huge name for herself, not only singing but acting as well. Attempting to turn herself into the â€Å"Black Madonna† it seems she has met her goal although she continues to do more with her career. After seven years and six albums Rihanna has become one of the most popular music artists not only in the USA but worldwide. She is one of the most influential celebrities for upcoming music artists in the industry today.

A visitor in Nevada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A visitor in Nevada - Essay Example Thirty more miles and I’ll reach that desolated Arizona. More than sixty miles will be where it meets the south west side of Nevada (Elliott 103). These are the boundaries of America’s 36th star. The year is 1902 and I’m on my way to meet with Montana Senator William Andrews Clark. History has been both harsh and kind to Clark. A city was named after him which perpetually engraves his nobility along with the greatness of the city he help build but there is also disdain for the method he employed to achieve his vision. It is one that is often perceived as a false myth of greatness and selfishness. He bought a seat in the Senate. That is what he is remembered for. For all that he did, he is remembered for one treacherous act. Senator Clark is expecting me today. He will give me fifteen minutes of his time to show him what I promise to be the technology that will make the transportation system he is planning to build to connect California to Utah. When I got there, though, I had to wait as Clark has to attend a public meeting with the Union Pacific Railroads. He is a tall guy with half his face covered by a thick beard that allows nothing but his eyes to show emotion and there seems only one thing there. Only one emotion, that of arrogance that comes with a clear ambition. It’s been less than a year since Clark got elected, more or less legitimately, to the Senate, and this is why. The Clarks and the Union Pacific Railroads E.H. Harriman performed a ceremonial agreement signing that divides the stock in the San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad (Van Dee 83). The plan is being laid out and in a few weeks, the land is going to be flattened to lay the groundwork for the train tracks. I met the First Assistant Engineer of the railroad project and the first order would be to get the water into the valley. Once that is accomplished, the town is going to blossomed into a fertile agricultural land where fruits will grow.

Feminism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Feminism - Essay Example The three theories are symbolic interaction, conflict theorist and functionalism. Of the three theories, symbolic interaction comes closest to supporting feminism.Functionalism is primarily concerned with the role that gender plays in social order. Conflict theorists are focused on the influence of gender in society. Functionalism and conflict theories are far too narrow in their interpretation to encompass all of the issues associated with feminism. Symbolic interaction, on the other hand is broader and far more relevant in its application to feminism. Symbolic interaction focuses on 'gender as socially constructed and how people do gender in everyday life.' (Lindsey. p.18) A combination of both biological differences and cultural beliefs have combined to contribute to the social construction of gender and the treatment of women in general.(Lindsey p.48). As Lindsey pointed out, 'socialization is the lifelong process by which, through social interaction we learn our culture, develop our sense of self, and become functioning members of society.'(p.51) In this vein, gender socialization is a method by which patterned gender roles are delegated as a result of a history of social interaction. Interaction operates to indoctrinate us by dictating our attitudes toward all social classes and groups and the persons comprising respective groups. Interaction is a learned behavior. The oppression of women in the feminist's view, is also a learned behavior. 'Gender roles are learned directly, through reprimands and rewards, and indirectly, through observation and imitation.' (Lindsey p.55) From an early age, children are segregated in play groups where boys take on stronger, more aggressive roles and girls take on the more nurturing roles.

English Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English Language - Essay Example English acts as a binding force and has been doing so for quite some time, apart from the United States, in countries like India and Australia too. India is a land of diverse cultures and myriad languages and in spite of the fact, has remained remarkably united. Some of its credit goes to the English language which was unanimously elected as the official language of the country. As for Australia, it is like America one huge melting pot of culturally and linguistically diverse people. English is the only unifying factor among the different immigrants of Australia. The Australian government has recently made it very clear that the acquisition of English is mandatory to people applying for its citizenship. Krauthammer C clearly points out in his article that "One of the major reasons for America's great success as the world's first "universal nation," for its astonishing and unmatched capacity for assimilating immigrants, has been that an automatic part of acculturation was the acquisition of English." Even though we may dismiss the intrinsic-power hypothesis that English possesses certain linguistic characteristics, which would make it the most preferred language on Earth as a racial claim, it nevertheless has to be considered. The simplicity of inflections in English and the flexibility of functions, which has grown over the last five centuries as a result of the loss of inflections, have greatly contributed to its dominance and popularity. One other inherent nature of English is the openness of its vocabulary which implies the free admission of words from other languages and the ready creation of compounds and derivatives. America therefore, is endowed with a unifying language which is indeed a blessing, as Krauthammer C points out But it has also blessed us, because of the accident of our origins, with a linguistic unity that brings a critically needed cohesion to a nation as diverse, multiracial and multiethnic as America." Though English spread all over the world because of exploitation and colonization, more than a billion people around the world today speak English. It is well on its way to becoming the world's language. Its cohesive powers to unite people from different countries, cultures and languages cannot be disputed. If America intends to successfully assimilate its diverse immigrants it cannot but expect the English language to give it a helping hand. Krauthammer C could not put it in a stronger way "English is the U.S.'s national and common language. But that may change over time unless we change our assimilation norms. Making English the official language is the first step toward establishing those norms."English has borrowed words and phrases from almost three-fourths of the world's languages and has both the genius and flexibility to make them its own. Every known language therefore, has something in common with English. What other world language has the same bonding and binding powers and also the right to be elected the "official" language of the US1 Euphemisms are words used to underplay the ugly. They are one of the ways through which we get a secret glance into a particular society's hypocrisy. If we observe them carefully in relation to the circumstances that give birth to them, it will be